https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/ International Journal of Environmental Science and Research en daily 1 Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0330 https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_162541.html Iran is an energy-rich country, with its electric power industry heavily reliant on natural gas. This jeopardizes the security of sustainable power supply, which should be addressed through the development of renewable energy sources such as wind power. This feasibility study investigated the economic feasibility of installing small wind turbines for power generation in four southern Iranian regions in Khuzestan Province (Abadan, Ahvaz, Omidiyeh and Bandar Mahshahr). The aforementioned regions were studied over an 11-year period (2010-2020) using the Weibull distribution. The findings showed that the studied regions are not suitable for grid-connected wind turbine installation due to low wind power density. However, because of the speed of launching small wind turbines at 2 m/s and higher, as well as the hours of wind in the classes above 2 m/s in the studied regions, Mahshahr and Omidiyeh Counties are suitable for the installation of small low power wind turbines for off-grid usages. RETScreen Clean Energy Management Software and three small wind turbines with different capacities (11, 25, and 50 kW) and three variable costs (5,000 $, 3,000 $, and 7,000 $ per kWh) as well as two specific scenarios with different inflation rates and bank loan interest rates were used to assess the economic feasibility. The results showed that the first scenario was not cost-effective and had to be rejected due to high inflation and interest rates. In the second scenario, given the inflation rate specified in the Sixth Development Plan and the interest rate suggested by the Bank of Industry and Mine, the results showed that Mahshahr and Omidiyeh are suitable for the installation of small wind turbines, specifically Energie PGE turbines. However, due to the low-capacity factor and high energy cost of these turbines, the installation of small wind turbines in Abadan and Ahvaz is not cost-effective https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_194263.html This study set out to investigate and evaluate the effect of hillslope geometry and topography on the Maroon basin drainage network. In so doing, using topographic maps and aerial photographs of different periods and different software such as SAGA, ArcGIS and QGIS, a field visit to the study area, morphology and three-dimensional geometry of complex hillslopes based on two factors of plan shape (convergence, divergence, parallel) and profiles curvature (convex, concave and straight) were classified into 9 different forms. Based on the results, the convex hillslopes of the basin in which mist of the orders 5 and 6 flow are more geomorphically stable; while the concave hillslopes in which the streams of orders 2, 3, and 4 of the basin flow are more unstable due to the concentration of water at the lowest point of the slope and the help of hydrostatic pressure. Based on the obtained results, study basin has high erodibility and high potential for landslides and this phenomenon always threatens the inhabitants of the region and agricultural lands as well. Given the results, there was a relationship between hydrological properties of surface sediments and soils with topographic indices and hillslope geometry, so knowledge of these indices and properties in terms of the impact on the variability of soil hydraulic properties and surface sediments in order to achieve sustainable development in the field of geomorphological studies of the basin seems to be quintessential. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_195253.html The emergence, formation and evolution of drainage network patterns in the bed of a catchment are known as a geosystem identity. In this research, we have used Order Matrix model in three basins, including: Beshar Basin, Seymareh Basin, Ramhormoz Basin (southwest Iran). The Order Matrix model, as a valuable tool examines and analyzes river networks, regardless of their size, and presents the degree of irregularity of river networks. In this regard, the vector data of the streams obtained from the topographic maps of 1: 50,000 were processed in ArcGIS software to analyze each of the right and left parts of the research area. The results of Order Matrix model show that the pattern of drainage network of Beshar basin is not the same in the right and left parts and hierarchical order is low in the basin. Tectonic situation in Beshar basin has been the main cause of inequality in the region. Tectonic condition and uneven rock strength in Seymareh basin has been the main cause of inequality in the basin. In Ramhormoz basin, the number and length of waterways on the left side of the basin is increasing compared to the right, and the lengths of waterways are not balanced in any of the categories. However, the research has indicated that the model can accurately analyze the inequality and fluvial dynamism and behavior in the watersheds. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_215006.html The mutual dependence of the environment on various economic, social and political factors has rendered this issue a complex and universal one. Over the course of the past centuries, this relationship has manifested in a multitude of forms, with its scope and complexity increasing on a daily basis. The detrimental impact of corruption on the quality of the environment represents a significant challenge for countries across the globe. This article employs the panel quantile regression approach and the random effects method to examine the relationship between the Corruption Perception Index and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in a sample of OPEC countries over the 2010-2020 period. The empirical results demonstrate that the level of corruption varies considerably between these countries. Additionally, the impact of corruption on CO₂ emissions is positive in the quintiles of the quintiles and countries with low emissions. However, this effect is reversed for high quantiles and countries with higher emissions. However, the positive impact of corruption on environmental quality outweighs the negative one. The overall conclusion is that the perception of corruption has a negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_221398.html Preparing landslide zoning maps is of great help to land planners and engineers in selecting the appropriate location for implementing development plans. Since predicting the time and location of landslide occurrence is not possible preciously, so slopes are concerned with zoning the risk of landslides. The aim of this research is to identify landslide-prone areas using analysis hierarchy process (AHP) methods in Haftkel County. The geology of the region shows that Quaternary alluvium and the Gachsaran Formation are the most influential factors in the creation of landslides in the area. The importance of elevation is in creating steep slopes and surfaces increases with increasing slope. The distribution of slope depends on the outcrop morphology of the region, and the slope angle of the slopes determines the characteristics of the region. The possibility of landslides also increases with increasing slope angle. The most slope movements occurred at slope angles of <45 and 36-45 degrees, and the least possibility of landslides occurred at angles of less than 15 degrees. In general, it can be concluded that the most effective factor in causing landslides is the lithology factor. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_221399.html Tectonic movements and fault activities can be determined by examining historical geological, geomorphological, seismic, and geophysical conditions, and factors such as landslides and sedimentary flows are examined and analyzed, and this analysis is conducted using ArcGIS software. The results of this study are to examine the characteristics of the Baghmalek Basin of Khuzestan Province using these indicators. The analysis of the subject can prevent and prevent the subsequent consequences of the tectonic year by providing appropriate solutions and predicting their destructive effects in the relevant basin. The Baghmalek region is limited to the city of Izeh from the north and to the city of Ramhormoz from the south and southwest, and the access to the study area is via the Ahvaz-Haftkel-Baghmalek road. The only city in the study area is the city of Baghmalek. The study area is located in the folded Zagros region and this area is tectonically one of the most active areas of the Zagros. The active tectonic status of the Baghmalek watershed was investigated using geometric indices (indices of asymmetry index Af, hypsometric integral, sinuosity or meandering of the river, sinuosity of the mountain front (smf) and the ratio index of the width of the valley floor to the height of the valley Vf). The study of the studied basin shows that the hypsometric index of the basin is in the area of aging and decline. Of course, in field observations, the general appearance of the region shows the maturity stage. The smf index shows a value of 1.62. Accordingly, the tectonic activity in the region is insignificant. Considering the cases studied, the hypothesis of this study that the Baghmalek basin is tectonically active is rejected. Because the investigated indices indicate the lack of tectonic activity of the region. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_221400.html Given the increasing levels of heavy metal pollution and its impact on the environment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (mercury, zinc, and nickel) in the soft tissues (muscle and hepatopancreas) of the blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) along the Makran coast (Beris, Pozm, and Tis). Eighteen crab samples and nine surface sediment samples were collected in winter 2020, and the concentrations of mercury, zinc, and nickel in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues of the crabs and sediment samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In all three stations, zinc concentration in the hepatopancreas was higher than in the muscle, with a significant statistical difference between all stations (P<0.05). The overall mean concentrations of mercury, zinc, and nickel in the hepatopancreas were 0.85±0.7, 240.81±101.41, and 69.24±33.58 mg/kg, respectively, and in the muscle, they were 0.37±0.04, 78.45±14.02, and 33.01±9.12 mg/kg, and in the sediment, they were 0.96±0.6, 26.4±14.45, and 21.49±6.21 mg/kg. The pattern of heavy metal accumulation in the tissues and sediment followed the order of Hg < Ni < Zn. Comparing the concentrations of metals in the muscle of the blue swimming crabs from the studied area with international standards (UK MAFF, FDA, NHMRC, WHO, and FAO) showed that the mercury concentration was below the NHMRC standard and close to other standards, the zinc concentration exceeded the permissible limits of only some standards, and the nickel concentration was below the permissible limits set by the FDA. Therefore, the consumption of the crab meat studied may be harmful to health due to mercury and especially zinc. Comparing the mean concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment samples from the stations with sediment quality standards showed low concentrations of zinc, nickel, and mercury. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_221401.html Soil erosion is a process that directly and indirectly threatens basic water and soil resources. Thus, one of the main problems in planning for the exploitation of water and soil resources is the lack of necessary statistics, especially in small watersheds. The PSIAC model was proposed by the Water Management Committee in the United States in 1968. Influential factors in MPSIAC model are Surface geology, Soil, Climate, Runoff, Topography, Land cover, Land use, Surface erosion and River erosion. The correlation between the factors of soil erosion and texture varies from weak to very good, while the relationship between the factors of runoff and climate, river erosion and soil surface erosion, land use and slope, and soil surface erosion and slope, runoff and sedimentation rate, and geology and slope varies from very good to good. The marly formations in the region are more sensitive to erosion. Due to the amount of rainfall in this region, it has a high vegetation cover. However, due to the change in land use from pasture to rainfed, as well as excessive livestock grazing that exceeds the capacity of the pasture, this has caused soil erosion and intensified it https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_221402.html Each geographical area throughout Iran has its own geographical and geopolitical conditions and mechanisms. By being aware of the weaknesses and strengths of a region, its security and defense coefficient is increased in order to maintain territorial integrity and confront foreign invasions and passive defense. According to the studies conducted in this study, it was determined that geographic information systems and remote sensing are among the most important tools necessary in defense and security planning. Despite the geomorphological conditions suitable for establishing defensive security and passive defense in the region, it is still necessary to implement some security measures to increase the security coefficient of the Bushehr coast in terms of passive defense. Based on regional visits, it was determined that the presence of sand dunes, river swamps, and mudflats are among the most important obstacles in the region that act as obstacles to the enemy's offensive movements. On the other hand, the lack of major population areas in the region, security facilities, especially in the lower reaches of the Mond River, the presence of numerous sinkholes on the low-lying coast, and deep valleys in the Mond and Dayer ranges have turned this region into a strategic and sensitive area that It requires attention and implementation of security defense measures. https://ijesr.kmsu.ac.ir/article_230197.html The present study examines the tectonics of the Fahlian River Basin, situated within the Zagros Mountains in Fars Province. The TecDEM adjunct function in Matlab 2008 software was employed to calculate and ascertain the indices. To examine the region in terms of tectonic activity, five indices were employed, including the basin hypsometric curve index (Hi), basin asymmetry (AF), valley floor width to height ratio (VF), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), and river longitudinal slope (SL). The results of the valley floor width-to-height ratio (VF) index indicate the presence of moderate to high tectonic activity in various regions of the study area. The V-shaped valleys observed in the southern channel are indicative of this index. In the central region, the valleys are V-shaped but exhibit evidence of slight erosion. The value of the Smf index in the Fahlian Basin was 1.42, indicating low levels of tectonic activity. As the Smf index approaches one, tectonic activity increases. A sudden shift in the isobase map may indicate the presence of faults or significant geological changes in the region. Such a sudden change is evident in the northeastern region of the Fahlian Basin, which may be attributed to the presence of unidentified faults. Given the absence of faults evident in the geological map of the region and the uniformity of the trend in the geological formations, the relative uplift rate map of the studied area illustrates the disparity in uplift rate across different parts of the region. The southern regions of the Fahlian Basin exhibit the lowest uplift value, while the northeastern regions demonstrate the highest uplift values. These findings align with those observed in the isobase map.